ABSTRACT
Prediabetes is a physiological state created by molecular/genetic risk, insulin resistance, ß-cell defects, and abnormal glycemic status that is associated with not only an increased risk for type 2 diabetes but also diabetes-related complications. Prediabetes is diagnosed when there is impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or both. Individuals with IGT and/or IFG are a priority target population for lifestyle modification studies given the high risk for diabetes they face. Though prediabetes is a highly heterogeneous metabolic state, common characteristics of this state include impaired insulin secretion, insulin resistance, subclinical inflammation, disproportionate body fat distribution, or a combination of any these factors. Lifestyle intervention studies suggest that modality, participant behavioral changes, promotion of weight loss, and consequent changes in insulin secretion and action each contribute to restoring normal glucose regulation (NGR) among high body mass index populations. Studies testing lifestyle modification interventions suggest weight loss and changes in body composition improve glucose regulation and promote regression to NGR.
