ABSTRACT
This chapter reviews the most commonly performed weight loss procedures, the importance of preoperative and postoperative management, identification and management of nutritional deficiencies that may occur following bariatric surgery, and factors associated with weight regain. Weight loss surgeries have traditionally been classified into three categories on the basis of anatomic changes: restrictive, restrictive-malabsorptive, and malabsorptive. Restrictive surgeries limit the amount of food that the stomach can hold and slow the rate of gastric emptying. The restrictive, malabsorptive bypass procedure combines the elements of gastric restriction with limited macronutrient malabsorption, primarily of fat. During the preoperative process, patients are typically instructed on healthy eating and physical activity patterns, behavioral strategies to implement the lifestyle changes, and the importance of stress reduction and social support for long-term success. National guidelines suggest that continued attention to diet, physical activity, and emotional health after bariatric surgery is essential to ensure optimal outcomes.
