ABSTRACT
This chapter reviews the definition of dyslipidemia in childhood, discusses how to screen for dyslipidemia, presents treatment recommendations regarding diet and lifestyle, and offers guidance for starting medication when necessary. It also presents clinical cases to highlight the management of different dyslipidemias. The arterial fatty streak is the first lesion in the progression of atherosclerosis visible to the naked eye. This can be seen in children and adolescents with dyslipidemia. Nearly half of all overweight and obese children have at least one abnormal lipid value. Children with dyslipidemia are at risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. In 2011, the integrated screening guidelines from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute expert panel were released. In them, the panel recommended that all children be screened for dyslipidemia at least once between the ages of 9 and 11 years and again between 17 and 21 years of age.
