ABSTRACT
Nanotechnology has experienced rapid development due to the variety of applications of nanomaterials (Gajanan and Tijare 2018; Yata et al. 2018; Yin and Talapin 2013). New materials for industrial applications have new and improved physical and chemical properties (Yan 2018; Tiwari and Dhoble 2018; Wang and Astruc 2018) that are different when compared with their micron-sized counterparts (Dilnawaz et al. 2018; Ovid’ko et al. 2018). However, it is inevitable the human exposure to these substances (Sardoiwala et al. 2018; Guggenheim et al. 2018). The life-cycle of these materials’ (development, manufacture, consumer usage, final disposal) affects animal species, environment (water, air, soil) and consumers (Villaseñor et al. 2018; Deng et al. 2018). Recently, a range of toxic effects of the so-called engineered nanomaterials (ENM) have been confirmed, indicating that they are a risk for human health (De Matteis and Rinaldi 2018).
