ABSTRACT
A logical equation is added that determines the value of the Boolean variable open. The diode goes into its on state, when the voltage becomes positive, and it goes into its off state when becomes negative. This chapter addresses the identification of continuous-time linear time-invariant systems when the identification can be performed separately from control. In adaptive control systems the system identification has to occur in real time. Modeling and simulation are central to the design of control systems, since, for complex, large-scale, nonlinear industrial plants, any suitable analytical design approaches. Modeling physical systems seems to be a straightforward task. The modeler needs two different models to describe an electrical resistor: a voltage-drop-causer model and a current-flow-causer model. Yet, there are some typical pitfalls and frequent misconceptions about the modeling of physical systems, especially among control engineers.
