ABSTRACT
This chapter outlines approaches for modeling the human operator in single-input, single-output control systems in which the human is sensing system error and where the system input is random or random appearing. The various modeling approaches have met with success in engineering analyses. It is useful at this juncture to consider applying a subset of human operator models to a very simple but illustrative human-in-the-loop control example. Modeling the human operator with fuzzy sets involves using fuzzy relations between input and output values. The advent of a time-domain control synthesis technique in the mid-1960s, referred to as linear quadratic Gaussian design led to a powerful model of the human operator called the Optimal Control Model. The highest level of skill development is referred to as “precognitive” behavior and implies human execution of preprogrammed responses to certain stimuli without the necessity of continuous feedback information.
