ABSTRACT
Nuclear power plant (NPP) safeguards are vital because of possible security failures. Nanoscale nuclear material could be used for nonpeaceful purposes by terrorists or nations, for political or •nancial reasons. These nanoscale nuclear materials are nuclear wastes, nanoŸuids, nanotechnology applied power cells, nuclear material in space, substances in radiology and oncology, and so on. In the case of NPPs, dangerous attacks as a result of terror or sabotage can happen without warning. The possibility of terrorist attack should be estimated using random number sampling and numerical quanti-•cation. It is suggested that the safeguards make use of the regulations of the related systems. The perception is that pending nuclear disarmament, world security is better served with fewer rather than more nuclear weapons and nuclear weapon states (IAEA [International Atomic Energy Agency] 2004). In addition, safeguards have been studied in several industrial areas (Johnson 2010; Yun et al. 2009; Zhong et al. 2006).
