ABSTRACT
Digital design has become the most modern and efficient way of implementing a wide variety of electronic systems. These systems are the heart of computer, wireless, and multimedia technology and are becoming more ubiquitous in nature where they are often embedded in an ever-increasing range of appliances from toasters to automobiles. Digital circuitry is implemented using semiconductor technology that utilizes a very large number of transistors that are placed in silicon integrated circuits, ICs. The most natural way humans to represent numbers is decimal, but most digital circuitry represents numbers in binary. This is because transistor-level designers have been more successful in implementing reliable and area efficient two-state (on/off) circuitry than in implementing multistate circuitry. The standard two’s complement notation is easily made to account for fractions by extending the positional notation to allow for integer powers less than 0.
