ABSTRACT
Machine vision, also known as computer vision, is the scientific discipline whereby explicit, meaningful descriptions of physical objects from the world around us are constructed from their images. The goal of a machine vision system is to create a model of the real world from images or sequences of images. Since images are two-dimensional projections of the three-dimensional world, the information is not directly available and must be recovered. Machine vision is closely related to many other disciplines and incorporates various techniques adopted from many well-established fields, such as physics, mathematics, and psychology. Like other developing disciplines, machine vision is based on certain fundamental principles and techniques. To design and develop successful machine vision systems, one must have a full understanding of all aspects of the system, from initial image formation to final scene interpretation. An image is formed when a sensor records received radiation as a two-dimensional function.
