ABSTRACT
An organization with multiple Arithmetic-logic units under the control of a single control unit is called a parallel processor. To make a parallel processor more efficient and cost-effective, a fifth major component, called the interconnection network, is usually required to facilitate the interprocessor and processor-memory communications. Parallel computing is a widely accepted and well-studied solution to overcome many of the limits in serial computing; moreover, it has gained great importance as an increasing number of problems become nearly unsolvable in a reasonable amount of time using serial computing. Multiple instruction streams, single data stream (MISD) architecture is the least popular model used to build parallel computers in that the number of problems that are best suited for MISD machines is quite limited. Programming parallel applications with the message-passing paradigm imposes on the programmer the necessity to explicitly specify how data transfer takes place between processes, each of which contains its own memory space.
