ABSTRACT
Nanoparticles are reported to be fully friendly to biosystems and in vivo conditions as they are nontoxic, highly biocompatible, and non-immunogenic. Nanoparticles improve the cellular penetration and cellular uptake of molecules. Delivery in nanoparticles provides solubility to molecules or pharmaceutical agents like porphyrins, anthracycline which otherwise display limited solubility in aqueous media. As for hydrophilic compounds, encapsulation may serve as an approach to enhance their solubility. For instance, anticancer agents like Doxorubicin or Acyclovir can attain concentrations well above their aqueous solubility, when harbored within liposomes. Also, targeted delivery of nanoparticles evidently magnifies the effective concentration of the pharmaceutical agents at a specific organ or tissue, upon diminished interaction to some organs (such as like kidney, heart, in case of liposomes). Nanoparticles can be given to the body via numerous routes, such as parenteral, topical and pulmonary routes of administration. The techniques to manufacture nanoparticles are segmented into two categories: those taking advantage of preformed polymers, and those-based on polymerization.
