Releasing flux and characteristic of nitrous oxide from wastewater land treatment systems

Nitrification process: In the process of N converted into NO21− and NO31− as electronic receptor, N2O releases as side-product (Fig.  1) (Qu et al. 2008). This process is controlled by aerobic nitrifier and Nitrosobacteria; Denitrification process: in the process of NO N31− − converted into N2, N2O is produced as an intermediate product (Fig. 2) (Qu et al. 2008). This process is controlled by anaerobic denitrifying bacteria; Non-biological nitrogen (N) converting processes: NO31− and NO21− react with organic or inorganic matter to N2O or N2. Most of the reports indicate that processes of nitrification and denitrification are the main process of N2O produced.