ABSTRACT
Renewable energy is widely advocated by many countries in order to deal with the energy crisis. Solar energy is one of the most important resources because it is abundant, clean, non-toxic, etc. Photovoltaic modules (PV) are composed of series-parallel multiples of solar cells, which can convert solar energy directly into electricity and storage, but the major concern for developers and users is the temperature effect, that is, the output decline of PV with their temperature increasing during operation. Skoplaki et al. (Skoplaki E, 2009) had reviewed a large amount of literature and summarized the relationship value of ~0.5% between temperature and electrical output of silicon PV cells. Silicon PV panels are the protagonists in practical applications. Therefore, cooling the PV is necessary. The passive cooling method is commonly used through the setting fluid channel on the back of the PV to take away the heat and reduce its temperature. A hybrid PhotoVoltaic/ Thermal (PVT) integration system (Chow T. T, 2010) arises at the historic moment, which can not only improve the efficiency of power generation but also make full use of heat. Because of the different heating methods, the PVT systems can be a flat plate or concentrated. They are also classified according to the type of working fluid used for PV cooling, including air (Tonui J. K, 2007), water (He W, 2006 & Tyagi V. V, 2012), nanofluid
cost. Most of the thermal collectors are made up of copper and aluminum for their high thermal conductivity. The collector can work under different working media with different fluid flow in the channel.
