ABSTRACT

Climate change due to global warming is a critical environmental problem which has negative impacts on all living organisms. Global warming is caused by the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane into the atmosphere. It has been reported that globally, the production of cement is responsible for between 5 and 7% of total carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions into the atmosphere (McLellan et al. 2011). In 2013, it was reported that the production of cement in Australia released about 1.3% of greenhouse gas emissions (Canadell et al. 2014).