ABSTRACT
This chapter explores the etiology of tooth discoloration and the mechanisms by which teeth stain and explains the complexity of tooth discoloration. The color of healthy teeth is primarily determined by the dentin and is modified by the following: the color of the enamel covering the crown and the intensity, thickness, structure of the dentin. Enamel hypocalcification is a distinct brownish or whitish area found on the buccal aspects of teeth. Simple fluorosis appears as brown pigmentation on a smooth enamel surface, whereas opaque fluorosis appears as gray or white flecks on the tooth surface. The tetracycline is incorporated into the enamel and dentin. Minocycline is a semisynthetic second-generation tetracycline derivative that is often used for acne treatment. Dentin hypercalcification results when there is excessive irregular dentin in the pulp chamber and canal walls. Dental caries may confer a discolored appearance around areas of bacterial stagnation, or leaking restorations.
