ABSTRACT
Climate change has emerged as the single most-pressing problem globally, and accordingly, the same has received increasing attention across the world [4]. The rainfall and temperature are two most important climatic variables clearly evidencing the occurrence of the climate change. Rainfall is particularly more susceptible to the impacts of climate change as the changing rainfall patterns may ultimately lead to extreme hydrological events, i.e., floods/droughts in different regions [60]. In rainfed agriculture in semiarid and arid regions, variability of the rainfall due to climate vulnerability significantly affects the spatial and temporal water availability [13]. It is also revealed from the literature that number of studies exploring spatial and temporal variability of the rainfall time series at different time scales is currently increasing [5, 7, 14, 20, 39, 50]. Understanding spatial and temporal variability of the rainfall is further important for the arid lands, which are spreading over 61 million km2 worldwide (46% of the global area) [16].
