ABSTRACT
CONTENTS 11.1 Automotive manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
11.1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332 11.1.2 Automotive manufacturing: CPS system life cycle . . . . . . 333 11.1.3 Maintenance of automation systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334 11.1.4 PLC control code deployment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337 11.1.5 PLC control architecture and deployment scenarios . . . . 339
11.1.5.1 Scenario 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342 11.1.5.2 Scenario 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342 11.1.5.3 Scenario 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
11.1.6 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342 11.2 Manufacturing of electrical cabinets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
11.2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343 11.2.2 Understanding the consumption: Practical issues . . . . . . . 345 11.2.3 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
11.3 Asset localisation in mines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 11.3.1 Ultra-wide-band technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
11.1 Automotive manufacturing 11.1.1 Introduction The automotive industry has become extremely competitive due to the increased market demand for frequently renewed and highly customised car products that must exhibit drastically high levels of quality. The current evolution of the automotive industry towards hybrid and fully electric vehicles is further positioning the sector in a potentially risk averse phase because of the introduction of new powertrain technologies and new associated manufacturing processes. Mass production of batteries, power packs, and in the future fuel cells, as well as electric motors and complex electrical components, represents a largely unknown territory for the current car manufacturing industry.
