ABSTRACT
426A qanāt (an Arabic word) or karez (Persian) is a water management system used to provide a reliable supply of water for human settlements and irrigation in hot, arid, and semiarid climates in different parts of the world (Mohyuddin 2012). Qanāts are also called karez in Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Central Asia, derived from Persian kahan, khettara (Morocco), galeria (Spain), falaj (United Arab Emirates and Oman), kahn (Baloch), or foggara/fughara (North Africa).
