ABSTRACT
Much of the research examines women police officers as different within the field of law enforcement (Bell, 1982; Haarr, 1997; Hamilton, 1924; Martin & Jurik, 2007; Miller, 1999; Schulz, 1995; Schuck, 2014; Woollacott, 1998). Research also stresses that difference, which is defined as a positive function, tends to work to keep women in a stigmatized place that stresses the status of “other” (Garcia, 2003). This “other” status is compared to the norm, the male norm. Examining the literature of the women’s movement into policing reveals the changing roles of women and their current status within the police organization. For example, research shows that community policing, juvenile justice, and domestic violence functions are defined as women’s work or, at least, as less than masculine work (Balkin, 1988; Garcia, 2008; Grennan, 2000; Heidensohn, 1992; Miller, 1999; Williams, 1998). Following these empirical examinations of the stigmatization of “nontraditional” policing activities, this research goes further by examining the current status of women and functions associated with femininity. Are women in policing
Introduction ........................................................................................................ 171 Women’s Entry into Policing ............................................................................. 172 The Presence of the Past .....................................................................................174 Methodology ........................................................................................................176
