ABSTRACT
CONTENTS 2.1 Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2.2 Context for E-Voting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 2.3 International Electoral Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2.4 Decision in Principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.4.1 Decision in Principle Foundations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 2.4.1.1 Feasibility Study Mandate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 2.4.1.2 Vendor Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2.4.2 Feasibility Study Committee Working Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 2.4.2.1 Issue 1 – Assessment of the Current System of
Voting and Counting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 2.4.2.2 Issue 2 – Assessment of the Advantages and
Disadvantages Offered by Voting Technologies . . 30 2.4.2.3 Issue 3 – Review of IT Security Aspects . . . . . . . . 30 2.4.2.4 Issue 4 – Determining Technical Feasibility . . . . . 31 2.4.2.5 Issue 5 – Cost Benefit Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 2.4.2.6 Issue 6 – Institutional Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.4.3 Study Trips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 2.4.4 Vendor Demonstration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 2.4.5 Stakeholder Consultation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 2.4.6 Decision in Principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.5 Pilot Project Prerequisites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 2.5.1 Pilot Project Mandate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.5.1.1 Type of Pilot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 2.5.1.2 Pilot Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 2.5.1.3 Solutions Being Piloted . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
2.5.2 Legislation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 2.5.3 Electronic Voting Technology Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 2.5.4 Pilot Project Funding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
2.6 Pilot Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 2.6.1 Managing the Pilot Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 2.6.2 Procuring Electronic Voting Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 2.6.3 Testing and Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 2.6.4 Polling and Counting Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 2.6.5 Voter Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 2.6.6 Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 2.6.7 Stakeholder Outreach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 2.6.8 Election Day Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 2.6.9 Observation of the Pilot Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 2.6.10 Mandatory Audit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 2.6.11 Pilot Project Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
2.7 The Decision on Adoption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Acknowledgment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
2.1 Terminology The current discourse on electronic voting and counting technologies is scattered with various terms and phrases — electronic voting machines, e-voting, e-enabled elections, remote voting, precinct count optical scanning, etc. This array of terminology generally relates to slightly different technological solutions. The field of election technologies related to voting and counting is a rapidly changing field and the conceptual framework for consideration is still emerging. Therefore, it is easy to find the same terminology being used in different ways in different countries or regions, adding to the confusion caused by this proliferation of terms.
