ABSTRACT
The improved chromatographic procedure of isolation and fractionation of PG and GAGs dates back to the 1970s (Volpi, 1994). PG from cartilage is obtained by density gradient ultracentrifugation, enlightening a complex of PG, hyaluronan, and a core protein. In addition, it is realized that the production of PG is a general property of animal cells and that PG and GAGs are present on the cell surface, inside the cell, and in the extracellular matrix. This assessment guides to a speedy growth of the eld and the ultimate positive reception of PG functions in cell adhesion and cell signaling, in addition to a host of other biological activities. At present, investigation with somatic cell mutants in addition
to research by means of gene knockout and silencing methods in a array of replica creatures, counting nematode worms (Caenorhabditis elegans), fruit ies (Drosophila melanogaster), African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis), zebrash (Danio rerio), and mice (Mus musculus), are aspired at improving our knowledge of the role of PG in progress and physiology. Consecutively, human diseases correlated with abnormal biosynthesis or dilapidation of PG has been identied, and some are named congenital disorders of glycosylation. Various analytical methods have been developed, including mass spectroscopic methods and glycan (GLY) array relevancies that offer novel tools for understanding PG structure and function (Esko et al., 2009).
