ABSTRACT
A detailed description of these dynamics requires taking into account the water, carbon, and nutrient budgets in the soil-plant atmosphere system, where state and forcing variables uctuate across a broad range of spatial and temporal scales. e modeling diculty is compounded by the central role played by the biological components, going from the plant stomatal control of transpiration and photosynthesis to plant nutrient uptake, litter production, and the dynamics of soil organic matter and microbial biomass.
