ABSTRACT
Generally, the term freezing describes the action of congealment by lowering the temperature of certain materials. It is an exothermic reaction where the latent heat of the phase transition is released. From a thermodynamic perspective, the freezing of water is the solidification of liquid, converting water molecules from a disordered manner to an ordered crystal structure. At atmospheric pressure, the water crystallization results in a 9% volume increase due to the spacious hexagonal ice structure, and thus ice has a low density compared to water (Von 2008).
