ABSTRACT
The ratio of the length of the semiminor axis to that of the semimajor axis is the ellipticity φ = ±b/a (−1 ≤ tgφ≤ 1). If the tip of the electrical field vector maps out the ellipse in the clockwise direction, the polarization form is right-handed (tgφ> 0). If the direction of tracing is counterclockwise, the form is left-handed. Then, any polarization state is defined by χ, φ and the handedness of the polarization ellipse.
