ABSTRACT
Diverse types of brain mapping exist, encompassing anatomical, structural, cellular, functional, and metabolic. Magnetic resonance imaging, is an important tool used in brain mapping that uses a magnetic field and radio-frequency pulses to create images of the internal structure of the body. The modern era of intraoperative brain mapping was ushered in by neurosurgical luminaries such as Canadian, Wilder Penfield, who contributed significantly to the early mapping of the cerebral cortex through direct electrical brain stimulation and the assignment of functionality to specific brain structures. At the onset of the neurophotonics era, the strategy for imaging brain function was based on slow optical changes that occurred in the neural tissue, which allowed for visualization with good spatial and temporal resolution. Executives from both the Society for Brain Mapping and Therapeutics and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) met in June 2015 to formulate the IEEE Brain Initiative.
