ABSTRACT
Photonics is the field of science that deals with light, in terms of generation, emission, transmission, amplification, detection, and signal processing. Photonics is often used interchangeably with optics. Laser has become a milestone in the development of biomedical photonics. Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence angiography has been widely used in ophthalmologic surgery, for the assessment of retinal microcirculation. The most important indication for intra-operative ICG angiography is for evaluation of treatment success during neurovascular surgery. ICG is a fluorescent dye that is injected intravenously for angiography or for organ function diagnosis. Intra-operative ICG angiography has also been effectively used for evaluation of the peritumoral vessels during and after tumor resection. Cerebral bypass surgery is being used for treatment of different neurovascular conditions, including aneurysms, moyamoya disease, and cerebral ischemia. Biomedical photonics is the field of science and technology that uses the entire spectrum of electromagnetic radiation, beyond visible light, for medical applications, including diagnosis, treatment, and disease prevention.
