ABSTRACT
The larynx is a complex structure, and its principal function is to protect the airway during swallowing. In humans the larynx is uniquely designed to play a pivotal role in communication through speech. The skeleton of the larynx consists of a series of single and paired cartilages united by ligaments and membranes. The nerve supply to the larynx is from branches of the vagus nerve. In the larynx the vibration passes as a passive mucosal wave in the vocal folds from below upwards. The tension in the vocal cords can be increased by exposing the larynx and advancing the anterior commisure, which is then held forward by a mini-plate. The effects of androgens are irreversible and lead to vocal cord lengthening, increased muscle bulk and the production of more viscous mucous. This leads to 'breaking' of the voice and lowered vocal pitch. The requirements for voice include an air source, vibrating organ, articulators and resonators.
