ABSTRACT
The most careful scientific investigations have always been bedeviled by uncertainty. The poor scientist who has taken different measurements of the same thing has to deal, not only with different measurements, but a theoretical entire set of possible errors. The probability of getting at least one raisin in the slice depends upon how thick is the slice. Industrial accidents in a large plant occur from time to time, and workers are often injured or even killed in such accidents. Suppose a company has introduced a new education program designed to decrease industrial accidents. In the 1920s, psychologists thought that they had discovered a major source of industrial accidents. They noted that some workers had been involved in multiple accidents, and they called such workers, “accident prone.” Estimators are functions of the observed values that can be used to estimate specific parameters.
