ABSTRACT
Vascular anomalies constitute some of the most dif-cult diagnostic and therapeutic enigmas that can be encountered in the practice of medicine. e clinical presentations are extremely protean and can range from an asymptomatic birthmark to fulminant, life-threatening congestive heart failure. Attributing any of these extremely varied symptoms that a patient may present with to a vascular malformation can be challenging to the most experienced clinician. Compounding this problem is the extreme rarity of these vascular lesions. If a clinician sees one patient every few years, it is extremely dicult to gain a learning curve to diagnose and optimally treat them. Typically, these patients bounce from clinician to clinician only to experience disappointing outcomes, complications and recurrence or worsening of their presenting symptoms.
