ABSTRACT
Hematuria and proteinuria are the two most common abnormalities in the urinalysis that lead to referral of children to pediatric nephrologists or urologists. Use of automated test strips (dipsticks) in performing screening urinalyses in oce practice has further enhanced the rate of detection of these urinary abnormalities. Visible or gross hematuria (GH) can be unnerving for children and their parents, especially if associated symptoms of dysuria or abdominal pain are present. Despite its asymptomatic nature, microscopic hematuria (MH) and low-grade proteinuria may also indicate a serious underlying renal disease. is chapter discusses the epidemiology and clinical evaluation of hematuria in children.
