ABSTRACT
Acid-base homeostasis and disturbances can be some of the most complicated and challenging electrolyte problems encountered by the pediatric nephrologist. To assess and correctly treat the disturbances requires knowledge of acid-base chemistry, physiology, and pathophysiology. is chapter will briey review the fundamentals of acidbase chemistry and physiology. Disturbances in acid-base homeostasis will be reviewed in a systematic approach so that the pathophysiology of the most complex cases can be understood. e historical development of the ideas behind acid-base homeostasis also will be reviewed to help understand how these concepts developed. Finally, the approach to clinical acid-base disorders will be briey reviewed.
