ABSTRACT
Superficial venous thrombophlebitis (SVT) is common, although its incidence is likely underestimated, as many cases are subclinical and go unreported. The superficial veins of the upper or lower extremities, the breast in the case of Mondor’s disease, or the dorsal veins of the penis may all be affected by SVT. Lower extremity varicosities and lower extremity venous insufficiency are the most common risk factors for SVT. In as much as the primary threat to the patient with SVT is due to the potential for venous thromboembolism, it is important to clarify the connection between these entities. Which patients, if any, presenting with SVT merit workup for hypercoaguable states remains an area of controversy and active research. The most common etiologic factor in upper extremity SVT is trauma associated with an intravenous cannula and intravenous infusions resulting in caustic endothelial damage. A contemporary multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial reported on the safety and efficacy of fondaparinux for SVT.
