Minimally invasive fetal surgery—The Colorado approach

INTRODUCTION As prenatal diagnosis has become increasingly sophisticated, invasive therapies have been developed to treat an expanding number of conditions. e motivation for the development of in utero therapies springs from the realization that, with certain congenital anomalies, irreversible changes have already taken place by the time of birth, or, alternatively, may result in intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD). Several congenital anomalies have been successfully treated with open fetal surgery, but the indications for minimally invasive approaches are increasing. is chapter will review the current indications for minimally invasive fetal surgery, which have expanded signicantly since the last edition of this book.