ABSTRACT
Automation is one of the main topics in engineering and human factors. In engineering, several approaches, techniques and tools were developed during the second half of the twentieth century. This chapter describes how authority issues emerge from automation. It provides a socio-cognitive model that addresses the issue of authority sharing. The chapter discusses the difficult issues of emergence, organizational changes, and regulatory developments. The proposed models are presented to support the rationalization of organizational automation where people will have to learn from experience, and technology will have to be adapted accordingly. The global issue of product maturity and maturity of practices will be described and discussed as a major endeavor. The Orchestra model was designed and proposed as a metaphoric framework to rationalize authority sharing in the highly computerized evolution of human–machine systems. People and organization adapt incrementally to changes involved from automation.
