ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses a two-step approach based on a preliminary topology optimization and subsequent discretization with rigid triangular elements and non-linear interfaces for the in-plane pushover analysis of masonry walls. The shape of the mesh and the position of the interfaces are evaluated through a topology optimization approach where masonry properties are calibrated by means of a homogenization approach in the non-linear range. A rigid triangular Finite Element (FE) macro-model with non-linear homogenized interfaces for the pushover analysis of in plane loaded masonry. The FE model utilized next is based on a rigid triangular discretization interacting through non-linear interfaces, where shear and normal behavior are uncoupled for the sake of simplicity. The seismic performance of existing buildings can be evaluated through pushover analyses, which allow approximating the ultimate lateral force capacity and displacement capacity of the building. In the pushover analyses, the models are loaded by a lateral force that is triangularly distributed over the height of the wall.
