Bioinformatics and optimization algorithms for women’s health Mathematical modelling for assessing fracture risk associated with osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease, characterized by low bone mass and consequently by changing the bone microstructure, a decrease in bone strength and therefore an increased risk of fracture are promoted. According to the Portuguese Society of Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases (SPODOM), this disease affects about 500,000 people in Portugal (Dinis et al. 2012) (Luenberger et al. 2008) (Smith et al. 2002). In this work, the main objective is to find the reference values of bone mineral density that characterize each DEXA machine (Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry).