ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on the toxicity profile of dyes and bioremediation approaches for dye-containing wastewater for environmental safety. Industries are the key players in the economy of many nations but are also the major polluters worldwide due to their potentially toxic wastewater, which contains a variety of organic and inorganic pollutants and which thus causes serious environmental pollution and toxicity in living beings upon exposure. Dyes are the synthetic aromatic compounds that are extremely employed as coloring agents and sometimes used to develop color or change the color of substances. Synthetic dyes can be applied anywhere but should be used very carefully because these are highly toxic in nature. Basic dyes are a cationic colorant compound and are insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol and methylated spirit. The biodegradation of various dyes can take place under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, performed by different groups of bacteria, since some bacterial species rapidly grow aerobically or an aerobically.
