ABSTRACT
The most common reason behind the pollution is urbanization and industrialization. Anthropogenic and natural processes both contribute to the environmental pollution. In phytoremediation research, plant tissue culture plays an important role and enhances our understanding of plant metabolisms. Hairy-root cultures developed via genetic transformation through A. rhizogenes infection showed many distinctive features, such as unlimited branching, high growth rate, and genetic and biochemical stability. For the study of phytoremediation, the hairy-root cultures have been successfully used as a model in in vitro systems. Hairy-root culture systems can be used to check the ability for a particular metal or pollutant absorption at large scale. Plant tissue culture or hairy-root cultures are not the permanent replacement of natural plant systems, but we can obtain experimental physiological and metabolism knowledge that can be useful for the trials in the field. Hairy roots culture showed different mechanisms for the uptake of metals that is also similar to the plant mechanisms.
