ABSTRACT
Spectrum is a significant resource in an RF environment and sensing is an essential function of cognitive radio to prevent harmful from affecting primary users. Spectrum sensing identifies the unutilized spectrum in order to improve the spectrum utilization. Cooperative spectrum sensing is a technique which incorporates multiple secondary users. It paves the way by analyzing the primary user information to achieve a more exact detection performance. In this chapter, a softened hard decision fusion mechanism is used to prevent the sensing failure as it provides fine sensing and increases the detection probability with a trade-off between the probability of detection and the complexity. A binary hypothesis testing rule is applied to verify the sensing concept. The censoring policy can be chosen in the case of a good signal to noise ratio which provides an energy efficient sensing scheme. Results conclude that a softened hard decision performs better than the other types of sensing schemes. Receiver operating characteristics are analyzed for the spectrum sensing schemes.
This chapter focuses on the basics and advancements of spectrum sensing techniques. It provides a wide knowledge of the following functions; classifications, techniques, and advancements involved in sensing in recent developments in the wireless world. Due to the deployment of the latest technologies and the need for an extended data rate—developed a thrust in sensing. Various techniques are adopted to sense the spectrum and to share the resources effectively without any loss in the data rate. This chapter also covers the application of sensing which is known as green sensing. Sensing the spectrum results in better identification of resources with negligible interference to the licensed users. This will assist in providing a better framework for the coming generation in the field of wireless.
