ABSTRACT
In today's world, healthcare has become an essential factor to maintain a good lifestyle and living. Information technology, or in short IT, provides better technologies for better healthcare factors like how to diagnose and cure a specific disease. Big data analytics (BDA) is one part of this IT infrastructure. It gives us a better knowledge of what are a specific disease's symptoms, how it can be cured and what should we do to prevent it. BDA applies some analytical tools and techniques for investigating previously saved records from diseased patients (electronic health record, EHR). As different patients have different type of diseases, medical records can produce large volumes and varieties of data, so the system has to be fast and in real time to store and analyse the data. Predictions must be accurate according to the symptoms so that proper treatment is given to patients. Causes should be known to prevent diseases. The side effects (if any) of medication should be analysed to prescribe alternative medicines. Patients’ responses to specific amounts of medicine should be measured to know their effects or side effects. All these data should be properly included, updated and analysed from time to time. Data security should ensure the patient's confidentiality so more critical diseases could be prevented. Data should be accessible at any time when users need it to study a disease. Proper queuing should be maintained so that the data must be arranged in proper order. IoT devices provide more accuracy to detect diseases, enable the cure for the disease, and prescribe a proper medication for the disease. Techniques used by IoT devices such as image processing and signal processing give a general idea about the symptoms and causes of a disease. IoT devices also capture the effects and/or side effects during the medication process. In this chapter, we present a theoretical study of all aspects used in the field of healthcare like big data, IoT, soft computing, machine learning and augmented reality. We also describe two techniques used for healthcare, that is organs on chip and personalized drug. We present a case study of three suggestions for better healthcare options: the next generation medical chair, the electronic nose and the pill cam.
