ABSTRACT
Temperate-zone forests contain both conifers and a wide range of angiospermous species. Members of four genera, Betula, Fagus, Quercus, and Salix, have extensive ranges, especially in the Northern Hemisphere, and comprise many species of important timber trees. But summaries of their flower production must be brief, primarily because little interest has been shown in the physiology of flowering in these genera by botanists or by members of applied disciplines such as forestry.
