ABSTRACT
The practical use of pheromones and other attractants for insect pest management involves unfamiliar complexities since their properties and modes of action differ greatly from those of insecticides. Feeding stimulants, food attractants, and other synthetic attractants are also used extensively, especially for a number of Diptera. The usefulness of attractants and other methods in managing particular pest populations is determined by a number of factors. Dispersal, especially of gravid females, is a factor that must be addressed before any use is made of pheromones and other attractants, sexual sterility, or other genetic manipulation. Pheromones and other chemical attractants may continue to be used like pesticides, that is, by the grower on a field-by-field basis. Thus as chemical attractants are developed, each use will have to be reviewed carefully as to determine what institutional arrangements are necessary for successful use, with the characteristics of the attractant and the pest in mind.
