ABSTRACT
This chapter deals with the newer concepts of metal implants for orthopedic applications should illustrate the important process-properties-performance relationship. It emphasizes the need for critical analysis of any new development for "better" implants. The manufacture of artificial skeletal joint replacements by investment casting is particularly attractive because of the complex shapes that often are encountered. The chapter reviews the metals presently used for orthopedic implants with specific reference to their processing and how it affects properties. Mechanical working can result in heterogeneous structures and properties. The degree of deformation and cooling rate after annealing can vary significantly from region to region in large parts. The possible decrease in fatigue strengths as a result of too high a solution anneal temperature exemplifies the importance of fully appreciating the effect of processing on structure and properties of the alloys. A thorough understanding of processing on structures and properties of the alloys is particularly important in forming the newer implant designs.
