ABSTRACT
CTMP effluents can be treated by aerobic and/or anaerobic waste treatment systems but consistent reduction of toxicity has been difficult to achieve. Characteristics of raw CTMP effluents are high BOD;, sulfite, and resin acid concentrations. These components reduce treatment efficiency as well as exert an organic demand and toxicity upon stream and lake organisms after effluent discharge. The chemical characteristics of CTMP effluents depend upon the wood species and mill process conditions, such as chemical concentrations, steaming and refining temperatures, pH, and tightness of the water system.
