ABSTRACT
The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a disorder involving recurrent arterial or venous thrombosis, recurrent pregnancy losses, and thrombocytopenia associated with the presence of phospholipid-binding antibodies, including lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibodies. The presence of primary thrombosis of both veins and arteries in thrombotic disorders is unusual and may provide insight into mechanism of thrombosis in APS. Although renal manifestations of Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) have received scant attention until recently, the kidney is probably a major target organ in APS, either primary or secondary. Arterial thrombosis most often involves the cerebrovascular circulation, with stroke and transient attack common. Coronary artery thrombosis with myocardial infarction and cardiomyopathy by extensive thrombotic involvement of the smaller cardiac vessels have been described. The hepatic complications related to aPL are Budd-Chiari syndrome, hepatic veno-occlusive disease, nodular regenerative hyperplasia, transient elevation of hepatic enzymes caused by multiple fibrin thrombi, and infarction of liver.
