ABSTRACT
Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) are lesions thought to be associated with the future development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Several clinical features may point to a higher risk of malignant transformation, sometimes leading to multiple biopsies in high-risk patients. When OSCCs are already present, margin analysis in the operating room is a relevant aspect that can be time-consuming. Both scenarios demand better clinical solutions to improve the quality of patient care. In this sense, optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been demonstrated as an adequate method for generating real-time radiation-free images, straightforward interpretation and micron-level resolution with adequate penetration depth. This chapter focuses on using OCT as a non-invasive diagnostic tool that seems to help diagnose, monitor and treat OPMDs and OSCC patients. In addition, new studies have demonstrated its benefit in treating other head and neck tumors, such as neoplasms of the oropharynx and thyroid. The current evidence is promising; the next step is being clinically available.
