ABSTRACT
The increasing energy consumption in various application fields brings the world into a challenging stage for sustainable energy developments. For many innovative industrial areas, renewable energy technologies are essential contributors, enabling green energy delivery. Similar to the great achievements of rechargeable energy-storage devices (ESDs) for hybrid and non-hybrid electric vehicles, the development of personal mobile electronics is also remarkably rapid, which is generating significant growth opportunities in miniaturized energy-storage systems. Carbon nanomaterials are one of the most attractive materials in the field of nanoscience and technology because of their unique mechanical, electrical, optical, magnetic, and thermal properties. The ability of electrochemical energy storage in a limited footprint is determined by the unique configuration of electrochemical ESDs. The in-plane structure is a typical and efficient way to achieve microsized energy storage and delivery. Electrochemical behavior is the core factor when considering the applications for ESDs.
