ABSTRACT
With the rapid development momentum of the emerging global navigation satellite signal reflectometry (GNSS-R) technique and the novel multi-input multi-output synthetic aperture radar (MIMO-SAR) conception, ocean surface scatterings in bistatic configurations show considerable potential in oceanic remote sensing. For better parameter retrieval with the bistatic scattering, this chapter conducts a series of analyses of the fully bistatic scattering from an anisotropic ocean surface on the L-band. By combining the advanced integral equation model (AIEM) and an improved directional sea spectrum, the sensitivities of bistatic scattering to several ocean dynamic physical parameters—namely wind speed, wind direction, sea surface salinity (SSS), and sea surface temperature (SST)—are investigated in multiple polarizations and multiple incidences, and their combinations. The simulation results show that the bistatic scattering provides more spatial information for the retrieval of wind speed and wind direction than the conventional monostatic scattering. For the sensitivities to the sea surface wind and the SSS or the SST, bistatic scatterings at different polarizations show different superiority. Moreover, specific combinations of multi-polarized or multi-angular bistatic scatterings can also be used in the wind retrievals. According to these analyses, this study expands the understanding of L-band ocean surface scattering in fully bistatic configuration and proves the usefulness of bistatic radar signals for the retrievals of geophysical parameters.
