ABSTRACT
The vaccine stimulates an individual’s immune system to develop adaptive immunity against the pathogens which is known as vaccine induced immunity. Quite often, the vaccine-induced immunity requires boosting after some period of time, as the vaccine effectiveness wanes due to absence of exposure to the disease. Vaccination reduces the portion of susceptible populations, therefore, the spread of the diseases can be controlled by the effective vaccination program. One of the examples is the successful elimination of smallpox in all over the world with the vaccination. Although vaccines are already developed for various infectious diseases, but still, there are many infectious diseases for which no effective vaccines exist. Further, most of the pharmaceutical interventions, such as vaccines and anti-viral medications to prevent the disease are too expensive, may not be available in many areas of the world in sufficient quantities to make a significant contribution toward reducing
very important to carry out studies on the disease models with pharmaceutical as well as non-pharmaceutical interventions.
