ABSTRACT
Complacency and Overreliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582
Excessive Mental Workload . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 582
Lack of Awareness or Understanding . . . . . . . . . . . . 582
Lack of Trust and User Acceptance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583
Active Biasing of the User’s Cognitive
Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583
Distributed Work and Alternative Roles . . . . . . . . . . 583
Organizational Failures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583
Case Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584
Case Study A-Distributed Work in the National
Airspace System: Ground Delay Programs . . . . . . . . . 584
The Application Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584
The Original Approach to Distributing
Work in a GDP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584
An Alternative Approach to the
Design of GDPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584
Strategy for distributing work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 584
Ration-by-schedule (RBS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 585
Slot swapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586
Adapting to deal with uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587
Administrative controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 587
Evaluation of the Implemented Solution . . . . . . . . . 588
Computers can assist decision makers in a variety of different ways. They can, for instance, provide improved access to information or more informative displays of this information, or support more effective forms of communication. They can also use algorithms to actively monitor situations and to generate inferences in order to assist with tasks such as planning, diagnosis, and process control. This chapter focuses on interaction design issues (Preece, Rogers, & Sharp, 2002; Scott, Roth, & Deutsch, 2005) associated with this latter role, in which the software uses numerical computations and/or symbolic reasoning to serve as an active decision-support system or DSS (Turban, Aronson, & Liang, 2004).
